See middle income trap on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q116442353",
"nobycat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Coined by Indian economist Indermit Gill",
"name": "coinage"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q5890757",
"in": "2007",
"nobycat": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "economist Homi Kharas in 2007",
"name": "coinage"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coined by Indian economist Indermit Gill and economist Homi Kharas in 2007 in their book An East Asian Renaissance: Ideas for Economic Growth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "middle income traps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "middle-income trap",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "middle income trap (plural middle income traps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 2006",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Economics",
"orig": "en:Economics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
54,
72
]
],
"ref": "2010 December 23, Simon Roughneen, “Vietnam: a development success story?”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Thailand and Malaysia are hemmed in by the so-called \"middle-income trap\", which suggests that while countries can move up from the ranks of the very poor, moving further forward is more complex, as competitiveness falls off and costs for investors increase.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
81
]
],
"ref": "2021 July 1, Vincent Ni, “‘Poverty divides us’: gap between rich and poor poses threat to China”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Chinese economists have for many years also worried about the “middle-income trap”, a situation where a country that has reached a certain level of income gets stuck for a long time.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The situation where a country that attains a certain income gets stuck at that level, being unable to compete with other more developed economies in the high-value-added market."
],
"id": "en-middle_income_trap-en-noun-9tKgSbn4",
"links": [
[
"economics",
"economics"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"income",
"income"
],
[
"compete",
"compete"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(economics) The situation where a country that attains a certain income gets stuck at that level, being unable to compete with other more developed economies in the high-value-added market."
],
"topics": [
"economics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "zhōngděng shōurù xiànjǐng",
"sense": "situation faced by developing countries",
"word": "中等收入陷阱"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "chū shotoku koku no wana",
"sense": "situation faced by developing countries",
"word": "中所得国の罠"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "situation faced by developing countries",
"word": "bẫy thu nhập trung bình"
}
]
}
],
"word": "middle income trap"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q116442353",
"nobycat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Coined by Indian economist Indermit Gill",
"name": "coinage"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q5890757",
"in": "2007",
"nobycat": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "economist Homi Kharas in 2007",
"name": "coinage"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coined by Indian economist Indermit Gill and economist Homi Kharas in 2007 in their book An East Asian Renaissance: Ideas for Economic Growth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "middle income traps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "middle-income trap",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "middle income trap (plural middle income traps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 2006",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"English coinages",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Economics"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
54,
72
]
],
"ref": "2010 December 23, Simon Roughneen, “Vietnam: a development success story?”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Thailand and Malaysia are hemmed in by the so-called \"middle-income trap\", which suggests that while countries can move up from the ranks of the very poor, moving further forward is more complex, as competitiveness falls off and costs for investors increase.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
81
]
],
"ref": "2021 July 1, Vincent Ni, “‘Poverty divides us’: gap between rich and poor poses threat to China”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Chinese economists have for many years also worried about the “middle-income trap”, a situation where a country that has reached a certain level of income gets stuck for a long time.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The situation where a country that attains a certain income gets stuck at that level, being unable to compete with other more developed economies in the high-value-added market."
],
"links": [
[
"economics",
"economics"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"income",
"income"
],
[
"compete",
"compete"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(economics) The situation where a country that attains a certain income gets stuck at that level, being unable to compete with other more developed economies in the high-value-added market."
],
"topics": [
"economics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "zhōngděng shōurù xiànjǐng",
"sense": "situation faced by developing countries",
"word": "中等收入陷阱"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "chū shotoku koku no wana",
"sense": "situation faced by developing countries",
"word": "中所得国の罠"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "situation faced by developing countries",
"word": "bẫy thu nhập trung bình"
}
],
"word": "middle income trap"
}
Download raw JSONL data for middle income trap meaning in All languages combined (3.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.